If you've read Rob Sica's comment to my first post, you'll already know that the German verbs for 'find' [finden] and 'invent' [erfinden] have an immediately apparent etymological relation. Interestingly, the English word 'invent' has a conceptually similar (but noncognate) etymology, from the Latin invenīre, to "come upon," and so too a conceptual relation to "finding" or "discovering."
One way to understand Nietzsche's talk about "inventors [Erfinder] of new values," then, might be to say that such inventors are simply those new philosophers in the advance guard who independently "come upon" -- which is to say, discover -- those (theretofore undiscovered) values.
There are two clear problems with this reading, however. First, as already discussed, Nietzsche elsewhere also talks of "creating [schaffen] values" (e.g., BGE 211). The German verb schaffen, a cognate of the English 'shape' (OE scapan, pp of scieppan, meaning to 'create', 'form' or 'destine'), has none of this connotation of "discovery" as far as I know (though the connection with 'destine' is possibly suggestive).
Second, and more importantly, Nietzsche clearly wants to mark some kind of distinction between finden and erfinden. (See, e.g., sections 11 and 12 of BGE, which Rob cited.) A realist or otherwise normatively privileged reading (cf. Leiter) has to make sense of this distinction such that the relevant Erfindungen ("inventions") are more than merely arbitrary fictions or contrivances.
